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Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n–3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Murphy, Caoileann H Flanagan, Ellen M De Vito, Giuseppe Susta, Davide Mitchelson, Kathleen A J de Marco Castro, Elena Senden, Joan M G Goessens, Joy P B Mikłosz, Agnieszka Chabowski, Adrian
Murphy, Caoileann H
Flanagan, Ellen M
De Vito, Giuseppe
Susta, Davide
Mitchelson, Kathleen A J
de Marco Castro, Elena
Senden, Joan M G
Goessens, Joy P B
Mikłosz, Agnieszka
Chabowski, Adrian
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2021-04-19
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Caoileann H Murphy, Ellen M Flanagan, Giuseppe De Vito, Davide Susta, Kathleen A J Mitchelson, Elena de Marco Castro, Joan M G Senden, Joy P B Goessens, Agnieszka Mikłosz, Adrian Chabowski, Ricardo Segurado, Clare A Corish, Sinead N McCarthy, Brendan Egan, Luc J C van Loon, Helen M Roche, Does supplementation with leucine-enriched protein alone and in combination with fish-oil-derived n–3 PUFA affect muscle mass, strength, physical performance, and muscle protein synthesis in well-nourished older adults? A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 113, Issue 6, June 2021, Pages 1411–1427, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa449
Abstract
Background
Leucine-enriched protein (LEU-PRO) and long-chain (LC) n–3 (ω–3) PUFAs have each been proposed to improve muscle mass and function in older adults, whereas their combination may be more effective than either alone.
Objective
The impact of LEU-PRO supplementation alone and combined with LC n–3 PUFAs on appendicular lean mass, strength, physical performance and myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) was investigated in older adults at risk of sarcopenia.
Methods
This 24-wk, 3-arm parallel, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 107 men and women aged ≥65 y with low muscle mass and/or strength. Twice daily, participants consumed a supplement containing either LEU-PRO (3 g leucine, 10 g protein; n = 38), LEU-PRO plus LC n–3 PUFAs (0.8 g EPA, 1.1 g DHA; LEU-PRO+n–3; n = 38), or an isoenergetic control (CON; n = 31). Appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength, leg strength, physical performance, and circulating metabolic and renal function markers were measured pre-, mid-, and postintervention. Integrated rates of MyoPS were assessed in a subcohort (n = 28).
Results
Neither LEU-PRO nor LEU-PRO+n–3 supplementation affected appendicular lean mass, handgrip strength, knee extension strength, physical performance or MyoPS. However, isometric knee flexion peak torque (treatment effect: −7.1 Nm; 95% CI: −12.5, −1.8 Nm; P < 0.01) was lower postsupplementation in LEU-PRO+n–3 compared with CON. Serum triacylglycerol and total adiponectin concentrations were lower, and HOMA-IR was higher, in LEU-PRO+n–3 compared with CON postsupplementation (all P < 0.05). Estimated glomerular filtration rate was higher and cystatin c was lower in LEU-PRO and LEU-PRO+n–3 postsupplementation compared with CON (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Contrary to our hypothesis, we did not observe a beneficial effect of LEU-PRO supplementation alone or combined with LC n–3 PUFA supplementation on appendicular lean mass, strength, physical performance or MyoPS in older adults at risk of sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03429491.