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Viral Interactions and Pathogenesis during Multiple Viral Infections in Agaricus bisporus
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2021-02-09
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Dobbs E, Deakin G, Bennett J, Fleming-Archibald C, Jones I, Grogan H, Burton K. 2021. Viral interactions and pathogenesis during multiple viral infections in Agaricus bisporus. mBio 12:e03470-20. https://doi.org/10 .1128/mBio.03470-20
Abstract
Viral interactions during multiple viral infections were examined in
Agaricus bisporus cultures harboring 9 viruses (comprising 18 distinct viral RNAs) by
statistically analyzing their relative abundance in fruitbodies. Four clusters of viral
RNA were identified that suggested synergism and coreplication. Pairwise correlations
revealed negative and positive correlations between clusters, indicating further synergisms and an antagonism involving a group containing a putative hypovirus and
four nonhost ORFan RNAs (RNAs with no similarity to known sequences) possibly acting as defective interfering RNAs. The disease phenotype was observed in 10 to 15%
of the fruitbodies apparently randomly located among asymptomatic fruitbodies. The
degree of symptom expression consistently correlated with the levels of the multipartite virus AbV16. Diseased fruitbodies contained very high levels of AbV16 and AbV6
RNA2; these levels were orders of magnitude higher than those in asymptomatic tissues and were shown statistically to be discretely higher populations of abundance,
indicating an exponential shift in the replicative capacity of the virus. High levels of
AbV16 replication were specific to the fruitbody and not found in the underlying mycelium. There appeared to be a stochastic element occurring in these viral interactions, as observed in the distribution of diseased symptoms across a culture, differences in variance between experiments, and a number of additional viruses undergoing
the step-jump in levels between experiments. Possible mechanisms for these multiple
and simultaneous viral interactions in single culture are discussed in relation to
known virus-host regulatory mechanisms for viral replication and whether additional
factors could be considered to account for the 1,000-fold increase in AbV16 and
AbV6 RNA2 levels