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Whole Genome Sequence of the Commercially Relevant Mushroom Strain Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23
O’Connor, Eoin McGowan, Jamie McCarthy, Charley G P Amini, Aniça Grogan, Helen Fitzpatrick, David A
O’Connor, Eoin
McGowan, Jamie
McCarthy, Charley G P
Amini, Aniça
Grogan, Helen
Fitzpatrick, David A
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2019-10-01
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O'Connor E, McGowan J, McCarthy CGP, Amini A, Grogan H, Fitzpatrick DA. Whole Genome Sequence of the Commercially Relevant Mushroom Strain Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23. G3 (Bethesda). 2019 Oct 7;9(10):3057-3066. doi: 10.1534/g3.119.400563. PMID: 31371382; PMCID: PMC6778795.
Abstract
Agaricus bisporus is an extensively cultivated edible mushroom. Demand for cultivation is
continuously growing and difficulties associated with breeding programs now means strains are effectively
considered monoculture. While commercial growing practices are highly efficient and tightly controlled, the
over-use of a single strain has led to a variety of disease outbreaks from a range of pathogens including
bacteria, fungi and viruses. To address this, the Agaricus Resource Program (ARP) was set up to collect wild
isolates from diverse geographical locations through a bounty-driven scheme to create a repository of wild
Agaricus germplasm. One of the strains collected, Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23, has been crossed
extensively with white commercial varieties leading to the generation of a novel hybrid with a dark brown
pileus commonly referred to as ‘Heirloom’. Heirloom has been successfully implemented into commercial
mushroom cultivation. In this study the whole genome of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 was
sequenced and assembled with Illumina and PacBio sequencing technology. The final genome was found
to be 33.49 Mb in length and have significant levels of synteny to other sequenced Agaricus bisporus
strains. Overall, 13,030 putative protein coding genes were located and annotated. Relative to the other
A. bisporus genomes that are currently available, Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 is the largest
A. bisporus strain in terms of gene number and genetic content sequenced to date. Comparative genomic
analysis shows that the A. bisporus mating loci in unifactorial and unsurprisingly highly conserved between
strains. The lignocellulolytic gene content of all A. bisporus strains compared is also very similar. Our results
show that the pangenome structure of A. bisporus is quite diverse with between 60–70% of the total protein
coding genes per strain considered as being orthologous and syntenically conserved. These analyses and
the genome sequence described herein are the starting point for more detailed molecular analyses into the
growth and phenotypical responses of Agaricus bisporus var. bisporus ARP23 when challenged with economically important mycoviruses.