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Impact of Cattle Feeding Strategy on the Beef Metabolome
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2022-07-13
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Gómez, J.F.M.; Cônsolo, N.R.B.; Antonelo, D.S.; Beline, M.; Gagaoua, M.; Higuera-Padilla, A.; Colnago, L.A.; Gerrard, D.E.; Silva, S.L. Impact of Cattle Feeding Strategy on the Beef Metabolome. Metabolites 2022, 12, 640. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070640
Abstract
The present study explored changes in the meat metabolome of animals subjected to
different finishing systems and growth rates. Thirty-six Angus × Nellore crossbred steers were used
in a completely randomized design with four treatments: (1) feedlot system with high average daily
gain (ADG; FH); (2) feedlot system with low ADG (FL); (3) pasture system with high ADG (PH); and
(4) pasture system with low ADG (PL). After harvest and chilling, Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle
samples were taken for metabolite profile analysis using nuclear magnetic resonance. Spectrum
was analyzed using chenomx software, and multi- and mega-variate data analyses were performed.
The PLS-DA showed clear separation between FH and PL groups and overlap among treatments
with different finishing systems but similar for matching ADG (FL and PH) treatments. Using a VIP
cut-off of around 1.0, ATP and fumarate were shown to be greater in meat from PL cattle, while
succinate, leucine, AMP, glutamate, carnosine, inosine, methionine, G1P, and choline were greater
in meat from FH. Comparing FL and PH treatments, glutamine, carnosine, urea, NAD+, malonate,
lactate, isoleucine, and alanine were greater in the meat of PH cattle, while G6P and betaine were
elevated in that of FL cattle. Relevant pathways were also identified by differences in growth rate
(FH versus PL) and finishing system were also noted. Growth rate caused a clear difference in meat
metabolism that was highlighted by energy metabolism and associated pathways, while the feeding
system tended to alter protein and lipid metabolism.