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Effect of Dietary Restriction and Subsequent Re-Alimentation on the Transcriptional Profile of Bovine Skeletal Muscle
Keogh, Kate Kenny, David A. Cormican, Paul McCabe, Matthew Kelly, Alan K Waters, Sinead M.
Keogh, Kate
Kenny, David A.
Cormican, Paul
McCabe, Matthew
Kelly, Alan K
Waters, Sinead M.
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2016-02-12
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Keogh K, Kenny DA, Cormican P, McCabe MS, Kelly AK, Waters SM (2016) Effect of Dietary Restriction and Subsequent Re-Alimentation on the Transcriptional Profile of Bovine Skeletal Muscle. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149373. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149373
Abstract
Compensatory growth (CG), an accelerated growth phenomenon which occurs following a
period of dietary restriction is exploited worldwide in animal production systems as a method
to lower feed costs. However the molecular mechanisms regulated CG expression remain
to be elucidated fully. This study aimed to uncover the underlying biology regulating CG in
cattle, through an examination of skeletal muscle transcriptional profiles utilising next generation
mRNA sequencing technology. Twenty Holstein Friesian bulls were fed either a
restricted diet for 125 days, with a target growth rate of 0.6 kg/day (Period 1), following
which they were allowed feed ad libitum for a further 55 days (Period 2) or fed ad libitum for
the entirety of the trial. M. longissimus dorsi biopsies were harvested from all bulls on days
120 and 15 of periods 1 and 2 respectively and RNAseq analysis was performed. During realimentation
in Period 2, previously restricted animals displayed CG, growing at 1.8 times
the rate of the ad libitum control animals. Compensating animals were also more feed efficient
during re-alimentation and compensated for 48% of their previous dietary restriction.
1,430 and 940 genes were identified as significantly differentially expressed (Benjamini
Hochberg adjusted P < 0.1) in periods 1 and 2 respectively. Additionally, 2,237 genes were
differentially expressed in animals undergoing CG relative to dietary restriction. Dietary
restriction in Period 1 was associated with altered expression of genes involved in lipid
metabolism and energy production. CG expression in Period 2 occurred in association with
greater expression of genes involved in cellular function and organisation. This study highlights
some of the molecular mechanisms regulating CG in cattle. Differentially expressed
genes identified are potential candidate genes for the identification of biomarkers for CG
and feed efficiency, which may be incorporated into future breeding programmes