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Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients
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2020-05-04
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Magan, J.B.; O’Callaghan, T.F.; Zheng, J.; Zhang, L.; Mandal, R.; Hennessy, D.; Fenelon, M.A.; Wishart, D.S.; Kelly, A.L.; McCarthy, N.A. Effect of Diet on the Vitamin B Profile of Bovine Milk-Based Protein Ingredients. Foods 2020, 9, 578. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050578
Abstract
The influence of diet on the water-soluble vitamin composition of skim milk powder and
whey protein ingredients produced from the milk of cows fed pasture or concentrate-based diets
was examined. Fifty-one Holstein-Friesian cows were randomly assigned into three diets (n = 17)
consisting of outdoor grazing of perennial ryegrass (GRS), perennial ryegrass/white clover (CLV),
or indoor feeding of total mixed ration (TMR) for an entire lactation. Raw mid-lactation milk from
each group was processed into skim milk powder and further processed to yield micellar casein whey
and acid whey. Sweet whey was also produced by renneting of pasteurised whole milk from each
system. The water-soluble vitamin profile of each sample was analysed using a combination of direct
injection mass spectrometry and reverse-phase liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Vitamin
B3 and B3-amide concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in TMR-derived samples than
in those from CLV and GRS, respectively. Vitamin B1, B2, and B7 concentrations were significantly
higher in GRS and CLV-derived samples than those from TMR. Significant differences in vitamins B1,
B2, and B3-amide were also observed between protein ingredient types. This study indicates that
bovine feeding systems have a significant effect on B vitamin composition across a range of protein
ingredient types.