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1999-05-01
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Rice, B., Fröhlich, A., Leonard, R., Cost reduction in bio-diesel production, End of Project Reports, Teagasc, 1999.
Abstract
As part of a programme to assess bio-diesel production from low-cost
materials, the availability of waste oils and fats in Ireland and the EU
was assessed, and the behaviour of their esters in vehicles was
measured. The utilisation of beef tallow from BSE risk organisms
was given special attention.
Esterification of high-FFA tallow required the use of excess methanol
and base catalyst. Acidification, followed by glycerol separation and
secondary acid-catalysed esterification, brought ester yields up to
acceptable levels. The high melting point of the ester restricted its
use in vehicles to low proportions in mixes with mineral diesel.
Fuels made up from low-cost esters behaved well in vehicle trials,
even where there was a high level of dilution of the engine oil. The
only problems arose from inadequate low-temperature properties and
from suspended solids in the tallow ester.
Within the EU, there are sufficient waste oils and fats available to
greatly increase bio-diesel production. In Ireland, there is sufficient
for a small production unit.