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    Gross nitrogen transformations in grassland soil react differently to urea stabilisers under laboratory and field conditions

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    Author
    Harty, Mary A.
    McGeough, K. L.
    Carolan, Rachael
    Muller, Christoph
    Laughlin, Ronald J.
    Lanigan, Gary
    Richards, Karl G.
    Watson, C. J.
    Keyword
    Gross N transformations
    DCD
    NBPT
    Combined inhibitor
    Laboratory and field study
    Date
    10/02/2017
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1156
    Citation
    M.A. Harty, K.L. McGeough, R. Carolan, C. Müller, R.J. Laughlin, G.J. Lanigan, K.G. Richards, C.J. Watson, Gross nitrogen transformations in grassland soil react differently to urea stabilisers under laboratory and field conditions, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2017, 109, 23-34, doi https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.025
    Abstract
    A laboratory and a field study were conducted on a permanent grassland soil in Northern Ireland to investigate the effects of urea in combination with N process inhibitors such as the urease inhibitor N-(butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and/or the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) on soil N dynamics. Urea enriched with n-butyl 15N to 60 atom % was applied to soil at a rate of 100 μg N g−1 dry soil in the laboratory and 100 kg N ha−1 in the field. A numerical 15N tracing model was used to quantify several simultaneously occurring gross N transformation rates in both studies. The changes in soil nitrate (NO3−) and ammonium (NH4+) concentrations and 15N enrichment over a 25-day period as well as the concentration and 15N enrichment of plant N at harvest were used to model soil gross N transformations. The results showed that the effect of N process inhibitors varied firstly between laboratory and field studies and secondly whether the inhibitors were applied individually or in combination. Overall DCD had a greater effect on the major soil N transformations than NBPT; reducing oxidation of NH4+, total nitrification, net NO3− produced, total mineralisation and the net adsorption of NH4+ at both laboratory and field scale. The effect of DCD was similar for these transformations whether applied alone or co-applied with NBPT. In contrast NBPT had no significant effect on oxidation of NH4+, total nitrification, total mineralisation or total immobilisation compared to urea in the field, while the effect on these transformations in the laboratory was significant. The contrasting effects of inhibitors on gross N transformations between laboratory and field may relate to the differences in experimental conditions, e.g. soil preparation, environmental conditions and the contribution of plant biomass. To obtain a more realistic assessment of gross soil N transformations in situ, it is essential that laboratory experiments are supplemented with field studies.
    Funder
    Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Ireland; Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Northern Ireland; Teagasc Walsh Fellowship Programme
    Grant Number
    RSF10-/RD/SC/716; RSF11S138)
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.01.025
    Scopus Count
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    Environment, Soils & Land Use
    Environment, Soils & Land Use
    Environment, Soils & Land Use

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