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    Whey protein effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression

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    Author
    Nilaweera, Kanishka cc
    Cabrera-Rubio, Raul
    Speakman, John R.
    O'Connor, Paula M.
    McAuliffe, Ann Marie
    Guinane, Caitriona M.
    Lawton, Elaine M.
    Crispie, Fiona
    Aguillera, Monica
    Stanley, Maurice
    Boscaini, Serena
    Joyce, Susan
    Melgar, Silvia
    Cryan, John F.
    Cotter, Paul D.
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    Keyword
    Whey proteins
    energy balance
    intestine
    gut microbiota
    gene expression
    Date
    21/03/2017
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1251; http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00356.2016
    Citation
    Nilaweera KN, Cabrera-Rubio R, Speakman JR, O' Connor PM, McAuliffe A, Guinane CM, Lawton E, Crispie F, Aguilera M, Stanley M and others. Whey protein-effects on energy balance link the intestinal mechanisms of energy absorption with adiposity and hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expression. American journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism 2017;313(1):E1-E11; doi 10.1152/ajpendo.00356.2016.
    Abstract
    We tested the hypothesis that dietary whey protein isolate (WPI) affects the intestinal mechanisms related to energy absorption and that the resulting energy deficit is compensated by changes in energy balance to support growth. C57BL/6 mice were provided a diet enriched with WPI with varied sucrose content, and the impact on energy balance-related parameters was investigated. As part of a high-sucrose diet, WPI reduced the hypothalamic expression of pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression and increased energy intake. The energy expenditure was unaffected, but epididymal weight was reduced, indicating an energy loss. Notably, there was a reduction in the ileum gene expression for amino acid transporter SLC6a19, glucose transporter 2, and fatty acid transporter 4. The composition of the gut microbiota also changed, where Firmicutes were reduced. The above changes indicated reduced energy absorption through the intestine. We propose that this mobilized energy in the adipose tissue and caused hypothalamic changes that increased energy intake, acting to counteract the energy deficit arising in the intestine. Lowering the sucrose content in the WPI diet increased energy expenditure. This further reduced epididymal weight and plasma leptin, whereupon hypothalamic ghrelin gene expression and the intestinal weight were both increased. These data suggest that when the intestine-adipose-hypothalamic pathway is subjected to an additional energy loss (now in the adipose tissue), compensatory changes attempt to assimilate more energy. Notably, WPI and sucrose content interact to enable the component mechanisms of this pathway.
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