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dc.contributor.authorCassidy, Rachel
dc.contributor.authorJordan, Phil
dc.contributor.authorBechmann, Marianne
dc.contributor.authorKronvang, Brian
dc.contributor.authorKyllmar, Katarina
dc.contributor.authorShore, Mairead
dc.date.accessioned2020-08-19T15:41:45Z
dc.date.available2020-08-19T15:41:45Z
dc.date.issued2018-04-12
dc.identifier.citationCassidy, R., Jordan, P., Bechmann, M. et al. Assessments of Composite and Discrete Sampling Approaches for Water Quality Monitoring. Water Resource Manage 32, 3103–3118 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1978-5en_US
dc.identifier.issn0920-4741
dc.identifier.issn1573-1650
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11019/2294
dc.descriptionpeer-revieweden_US
dc.description.abstractAchieving an operational compromise between spatial coverage and temporal resolution in national scale river water quality monitoring is a major challenge for regulatory authorities, particularly where chemical concentrations are hydrologically dependent. The efficacy of flow-weighted composite sampling (FWCS) approaches for total phosphorus (TP) sampling (n = 26–52 analysed samples per year), previously applied in monitoring programmes in Norway, Sweden and Denmark, and which account for low to high flow discharges, was assessed by repeated simulated sampling on high resolution TP data. These data were collected in three research catchments in Ireland over the period 2010–13 covering a base-flow index range of 0.38 to 0.69. Comparisons of load estimates were also made with discrete (set time interval) daily and sub-daily sampling approaches (n = 365 to >1200 analysed samples per year). For all years and all sites a proxy of the Norwegian sampling approach, which is based on re-forecasting discharge for each 2-week deployment, proved most stable (median TP load estimates of 87–98%). Danish and Swedish approaches, using long-term flow records to set a flow constant, were only slightly less effective (median load estimates of 64–102% and 80–96%, respectively). Though TP load estimates over repeated iterations were more accurate using the discrete approaches, particularly the 24/7 approach (one sample every 7 h in a 24 bottle sampler - median % load estimates of 93–100%), composite load estimates were more stable, due to the integration of multiple small samples (n = 100–588) over a deployment.en_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Science and Business Media LLCen_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesWater Resource Management;32
dc.rightsAttribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/*
dc.subjectsamplingen_US
dc.subjectcatchmentsen_US
dc.subjectphosphorus loadsen_US
dc.titleAssessments of Composite and Discrete Sampling Approaches for Water Quality Monitoringen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-018-1978-5
dc.source.volume32
dc.source.issue9
dc.source.beginpage3103-3118
refterms.dateFOA2020-08-19T15:41:45Z


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