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    Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle – a review in the context of seasonal pasture-based dairy herds

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    Author
    Field, Niamh L.
    McAloon, Conor G.
    Gavey, Lawrence
    Mee, John F
    Keyword
    Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
    Johne’s disease (JD)
    pathogenesis
    diagnostic testing
    Date
    2022-05-20
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11019/2807
    Citation
    Field, N.L., McAloon, C.G., Gavey, L. et al. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis infection in cattle – a review in the context of seasonal pasture-based dairy herds. Ir Vet J 75, 12 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-022-00217-6
    Abstract
    Johne’s disease is an infectious disease affecting cattle, other ruminants and non-ruminant wildlife worldwide, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). This review provides an up-to-date concise overview of the pathogenesis of MAP, the significance of Johne’s disease in cattle and the use of diagnostic testing at both animal and herd level in the context of seasonal pasture-based herds. While MAP can only replicate intracellularly, the bacterium is sufficiently robust to survive for months in the environment. Transmission of MAP is mostly via the faecal-oral route, however in-utero transmission in also possible. The bacteria evade the immune system by persisting in macrophages in the small intestine submucosa, with this latent stage of infection lasting, in most cases, for at least two years before bacterial shedding and clinical signs begin. The slowly progressive nature of MAP infection, poor performance of diagnostic tests and management systems that expose susceptible calves to infection make control of Johne’s disease challenging, particularly in seasonal calving herds. Testing of individual animals provides little assurance for farmers and vets due to the poor sensitivity and, in the case of ELISA, imperfect specificity of the available tests. Repeated herd-level testing is utilised by the IJCP to detect infected herds, identify high risk animals, and provide increasing confidence that test-negative herds are free of infection. The IJCP aims to control the spread of Johne’s disease in cattle in Ireland, in order to protect non-infected herds, limit the economic and animal health impact of the disease, improve calf health and reassure markets of Johne’s disease control in Ireland.
    Funder
    Teagasc
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s13620-022-00217-6
    Scopus Count
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    Teagasc publications in Biomed Central
    Animal & Bioscience

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