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Blue Whiting Protein Hydrolysates Exhibit Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities in Stimulated Murine RAW264.7 Cells
Heffernan, Shauna Harnedy-Rothwell, Pádraigín A. Gite, Snehal Whooley, Jason Giblin, Linda Fitzgerald, Richard J. O’Brien, Nora M.
Heffernan, Shauna
Harnedy-Rothwell, Pádraigín A.
Gite, Snehal
Whooley, Jason
Giblin, Linda
Fitzgerald, Richard J.
O’Brien, Nora M.
Date
2021-10-19
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applsci-11-09762-v2.pdf
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Heffernan, S., Harnedy-Rothwell, P.A., Gite, S., Whooley, J., Giblin, L., Fitzgerald, R.J. and O’Brien, N.M. Blue whiting protein hydrolysates exhibit antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities in stimulated murine RAW264. 7 cells. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(20), p.9762.https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209762
Abstract
This study investigated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of six blue whiting soluble protein hydrolysates (BWSPHs, BW-SPH-A to -F) and their simulated gastrointestinal digests (SGID, BW-SPH-A-GI to -F-GI) in murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Hydrolysate BW-SPH-A, both pre- and post-SGID, increased endogenous antioxidant glutathione (GSH) in tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH)-treated cells and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H2O2-challenged RAW264.7 cells compared with treated controls in the absence of BWSPHs (p < 0.05). BW-SPH-A-GI also exhibited higher ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) activities than the other BWSPHs tested (p < 0.05). All BWSPHs and SGID BWSPH samples induced immunostimulating effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages through the upregulation of NO production. BW-SPH-F-GI increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels compared with the LPS controls indicating the liberation of immunomodulatory peptide/amino acids during the SGID process. Therefore, BW-SPH-A and BW-SPH-F may have potential use against oxidative stress and immunosuppression-related diseases, respectively.