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Abstract
Inline, real-time sensors and robotics are 2 foundational technologies of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). As examples of innovation in this area, a studybased on inline sensors and another on collaborative robotics (Cobots)in the dairy industry is presented. Near-Infrared (NIR) spectroscopy isused to measure milk composition; however, it has not been used as aninline technique for measuring the protein content of milk protein concentrate (MPC). The NIR spectra of 120 MPC samples were collectedusing a Matrix-F FT-NIR spectrometer coupled with a 15-m fiber opticstransflectance probe (Bruker Optics, Germany). An optimized calibration model for protein was developed using the partial least square (PLS) method, based on selected spectral regions and data pre-processing. The
model had a prediction accuracy of R2 P = 0.95 and root mean square error of prediction = 0.12%. In robotics, a methodology was developed to evaluate the application of Cobots to simulate different human biomechanical movements used during the preparation of infant formula (IF). Three IF powders (control (CIF), sediment and flecking) with different reconstitution properties were evaluated using selected Cobot parameters, i.e., mixing motion (up and down, left to right, swirl or figure of 8 motion), for a specific time (5, 10 or 15 s). Parameters investigated include dissolved solids, sediment, and particle size distribution of the reconstituted samples. Means were compared using Tukey’s test and P-values less than < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.
Results demonstrated that the ‘up and down’ shake motion used for 15 s to reconstitute CIF gave the highest percentage of dissolved solids (PDS) (85.3%) and the lowest sediment (0.8g; P < 0.001). In comparison, when the figure of 8 mix motion performed for 5 s was used to prepare the CIF powder, a lower PDS (71%) and higher sediment (10.2g; P <0.009) was obtained. The 2 digital technologies evaluated (inline NIR and cobots) illustrate the role of I4.0 in dairy processing in ensuring consistent final product quality.