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Angiotensin-I-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Protein Hydrolysates Generated from the Macroalga Laminaria digitata (Hudson) JV Lamouroux 1813
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2022-06-17
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foods-11-01792-v3.pdf
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Abstract
Seaweeds have a long history of use as both food and medicine, especially in Asian cultures.
Moreover, there is growing interest in the use of seaweed ingredients and bioactive compounds in
pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. One ailment that seaweed bioactive compounds may
impact is hypertension caused by the enzyme Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 1 (ACE-1; EC 3.4.15.1),
found within the Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS), which causes vasoconstriction of
blood vessels, including veins and arteries. The aim of this paper is to generate bioactive peptide containing
protein hydrolysates from the brown seaweed Laminaria digitata (Hudson) JV Lamouroux 1813.
Proteins were extracted from this seaweed by disrupting the seaweed cell wall using a combination
of carbohydrases and proteolytic enzymes. Bioactive peptide containing permeates were generated
from L. digitata protein hydrolysates, and both hydrolysates and permeates were screened for their
ability to inhibit the enzyme ACE-1. The protein content of the permeate fractions was found to be
23.87% compared to the untreated seaweed, which contained 15.08% protein using LECO analysis.
Hydrolysis and filtration resulted in a “white” protein powder, and the protein content of this powder
increased by 9% compared to the whole seaweed. The total amino acid (TAA) content of the L. digitata
protein permeate was 53.65 g/100 g of the sample, and contains over 32% essential amino acids (EAA).
Furthermore, the L. digitata permeate was found to inhibit the ACE-1 enzyme by 75% when compared
to the commercial drug Captopril© when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The inhibition of
ACE-1 (the IC50 value) of 590 g/mL for the L. digitata permeate compares well with Captopril©,
which had 100% inhibition of ACE-1, with an IC50 value of 500 g/mL. This study indicates that
there is potential to develop protein powders with ACE-1 inhibitory bioactivities from the brown
seaweed L. digitata using enzymatic hydrolysis as a cell disruption and protein extraction/hydrolysate
generation procedure.