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Gastrointestinal Endogenous Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides: An in Vitro Study of Their Gut Modulatory Potential
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2016-04-01
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Dave, L.A.; Hayes, M.; Mora, L.; Montoya, C.A.; Moughan, P.J.; Rutherfurd, S.M. Gastrointestinal Endogenous Protein-Derived Bioactive Peptides: An in Vitro Study of Their Gut Modulatory Potential. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040482
Abstract
A recently proposed paradigm suggests that, like their dietary counterparts, digestion
of gastrointestinal endogenous proteins (GEP) may also produce bioactive peptides. With an aim
to test this hypothesis, in vitro digests of four GEP namely; trypsin (TRYP), lysozyme (LYS), mucin
(MUC), serum albumin (SA) and a dietary protein chicken albumin (CA) were screened for their
angiotensin-I converting (ACE-I), renin, platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and
dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitory (DPP-IV) and antioxidant potential following simulated in vitro
gastrointestinal digestion. Further, the resultant small intestinal digests were enriched to obtain
peptides between 3–10 kDa in size. All in vitro digests of the four GEP were found to inhibit ACE-I
compared to the positive control captopril when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, while
the LYS < 3-kDa permeate fraction inhibited renin by 40% (˘1.79%). The LYS < 10-kDa fraction
inhibited PAF-AH by 39% (˘4.34%), and the SA < 3-kDa fraction inhibited DPP-IV by 45% (˘1.24%).
The MUC < 3-kDa fraction had an ABTS-inhibition antioxidant activity of 150 (˘24.79) µM trolox
equivalent and the LYS < 10-kDa fraction inhibited 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) by 54%
(˘1.62%). Moreover, over 190 peptide-sequences were identified from the bioactive GEP fractions.
The findings of the present study indicate that GEP are a significant source of bioactive peptides
which may influence gut function.