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    Biotechnological applications of functional metagenomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries

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    Author
    Coughlan, Laura M.
    Cotter, Paul D.
    Hill, Colin
    Alvarez-Ordonez, Avelino
    Keyword
    functional metagenomics
    industrial applications
    food
    pharmacological
    catalysts
    bioactives
    antimicrobials
    Date
    30/06/2015
    
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    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/11019/1059
    Citation
    Coughlan LM, Cotter PD, Hill C and Alvarez-Ordóñez A (2015) Biotechnological applications of functional metagenomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Front. Microbiol. 6:672. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00672
    Abstract
    Microorganisms are found throughout nature, thriving in a vast range of environmental conditions. The majority of them are unculturable or difficult to culture by traditional methods. Metagenomics enables the study of all microorganisms, regardless of whether they can be cultured or not, through the analysis of genomic data obtained directly from an environmental sample, providing knowledge of the species present, and allowing the extraction of information regarding the functionality of microbial communities in their natural habitat. Function-based screenings, following the cloning and expression of metagenomic DNA in a heterologous host, can be applied to the discovery of novel proteins of industrial interest encoded by the genes of previously inaccessible microorganisms. Functional metagenomics has considerable potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries, where it can, for instance, aid (i) the identification of enzymes with desirable technological properties, capable of catalyzing novel reactions or replacing existing chemically synthesized catalysts which may be difficult or expensive to produce, and able to work under a wide range of environmental conditions encountered in food and pharmaceutical processing cycles including extreme conditions of temperature, pH, osmolarity, etc; (ii) the discovery of novel bioactives including antimicrobials active against microorganisms of concern both in food and medical settings; (iii) the investigation of industrial and societal issues such as antibiotic resistance development. This review article summarizes the state-of-the-art functional metagenomic methods available and discusses the potential of functional metagenomic approaches to mine as yet unexplored environments to discover novel genes with biotechnological application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
    Funder
    Science Foundation Ireland
    Grant Number
    13/SIRG/2157
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.00672
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Food Biosciences
    Food Biosciences
    Food Biosciences
    Food Biosciences
    Food Quality & Sensory Science

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